The sun has unlimited power. Solar panels allow people to harness this power and use it for all sorts of electrical applications. One of these is storing energy for future use.
The cost of disposable batteries is much higher, over time, than that of rechargeable batteries, and this cost difference widens when the recharging is done with solar power.
Batteries can be recharged with a solar panel, or with a solar-powered charger made for that purpose. The charger is the easier option, as it comes already ready to use. Using solar panels involves a bit of setup, but once that is completed, it should last indefinitely.
Solar Panel
To use a solar panel, first check the back of it to see how many watts it outputs. If the solar array was self-created, a multimeter will allow measurement of the panel’s output; check it during full sun exposure. It wouldn’t hurt to use the multimeter even on a commercial panel, as they are designed for higher production than the rating, because the max rating only happens if the conditions are ideal, which does not happen often. It is necessary to know this because if the panel’s power exceeds the battery’s capacity, it can overcharge the battery, which will damage it or cause it to explode.
To determine the amp requirement, divide the watts determined above by the battery voltage. The result is the charge controller rating that is required. Because controllers are generally rated in multiples of 30, round up if the result falls between ratings.
Charge controllers come in two types: MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) and PWM (Pulse Width Modulation). While both will serve the purpose, an MPPT controller tends to be more effective and can be used with panels set up in strings, unlike PWM controllers. However, PWM are less expensive and good starter controllers; they charge with pulses and have a sensor to prevent overcharging. Those starting with a PWM can easily switch to an MPPT later, if desired.
Controllers usually are susceptible to weather, so they should be mounted somewhere protected, with wires running between it and the panel. For safety, mount it on something non-conductive.
Connect wires to the battery – one on each pole. For convenience and ease in differentiating, it is wise to use different colored wires for each. Attach the other end of the wire to the charge controller, following the controller’s instructions. Be careful to make sure the positive and negative match the port to prevent a short circuit. For larger batteries, such as 12V, use larger wire, such as 10 or 16 gauge.
To prevent a surge when connecting to the controller, connect the battery first, then the solar panel.
Most solar panels have MC4 connectors on their output wires. Use wires with MC4 connectors to go from the controller to the solar panel; instructions are usually included with the connectors. Once they are in place, connect them to the solar panel, being careful to connect positive with positive. Connect the MC4 connectors securely; they should click into place.
Once it is connected, verify the readings to be sure it is working properly. If there is nothing displayed on the controller’s screen, check the wires to be sure they are connected properly. Depending on the controller, it may be possible to monitor it through a mobile device.
Do not remove the battery until it is fully charged. A controller will stop allowing energy through once the battery is charged, so it is not necessary to remove it immediately. The display will show less (or no) charge going through once the battery is full.
Solar Chargers
Solar chargers are portable and easy to set up. They usually hold and recharge up to four batteries at a time of standard sizes. Some of them include a port to recharge mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets, and some of those can charge more than one device at a time. Chargers with a higher watt output will charge more quickly. If the charger has a built-in power bank, it will be able to provide a charge even in cloudy conditions, which can be a definite advantage. Those that come with foldable solar panels can provide more power at the same portability as smaller chargers.
Resources
Charge controller (MPPT)
This 60a charge controller can be used in parallel with another to increase the amperage; however, they must be the same controller brand and type to work properly. It comes with instructions on how to connect it. It has an LCD display to show voltage, current, mode, and temperature, as well as to assist in troubleshooting, if needed.
Charge controller (PWM)
This 20a controller has multiple protection options along with an easy to read LCD screen that shows status and other information. Buttons on the front allow for easy mode changes and parameter configuring. Install in a well-ventilated location, as the controller does get hot when running.
MC4 connectors
This set comes with a wire crimper to add the MC4 connector to a wire end. Six connectors are included, along with two solar connector spanners.
Premade 10 Gauge Wire:
One black and one red, both 10 gauge, already have the MC4 ends on them. They are 30 feet long.
100-foot MC4 Compatible Wire
One black and one red 10-gauge wire with ends already installed are 100 feet long.
16-Gauge Wire
For higher volt batteries, this 16-gauge wire is a better option for safety.
Solar Charge Power Bank
The power bank’s 25000mAh Li-polymer batteryhas 3 USB output ports to charge mobile devices. The power bank also has LED lightsfor emergency use.
Solar Charger with Panels
Multiple panels and three USB ports make this a speedy power charger for mobile devices. Water resistant to protect from weather, the ports have a cloth and rubber cover to keep them from becoming damaged when not in use. This panel does not include a battery, but plugs directly into the item being charged.
Trickle Charger
This solar charger is powerful enough to charge 12V batteries, car batteries, marine batteries, and more. It does not have a built-in battery; attach when sunlight is available to charge. However, a valve keeps the panel from discharging a connected battery if sunlight is scarce. It will take some time to fully charge a battery, but if a vehicle is being stored, this will prevent the battery from discharging on its own from not being used.
Solar Battery Charger
Place household rechargeable batteries in this device and set it in the sun to recharge them. LED indicators alert users to when batteries are fully charged.
11-in-1 Charger
Charge NiCd and NiMH batteries of various sizes, two at a time, in this sun-powered battery charger. The top is adjustable to provide optimal exposure to sunlight.
Rechargeable batteries AA
Pre-charged AA batteries are high capacity Ni-MH. 8 in a pack will allow users to charge four while using four.
Rechargeable batteries AAA
12 AAA batteries are pre-charged and ready to use. Ni-MH batteries are high capacity and long-lasting.